Cultural Differences Between Hong Kong and the U.S. Essay -- American

Social Differences Between Hong Kong and the U.S. Hong Kong has been one of the most prosperous urban areas on the planet for a long time. The possibility of Hong Kong being come back to China was alarming numerous Hong Kong individuals in the mid 80s, yet the handover ended up being a vital second for the greater part of the residents. Today, Hong Kong is not, at this point a province of Britain and Chinese are holding a large portion of the top situations in the legislature. Not just the political and monetary issues have been changed a great deal, yet in addition the educational system has. Prior to 1997, most subjects at schools were educated in English. In spite of the fact that it has been difficult for understudies to learn materials with their subsequent language, they have been driving themselves to move alongside it. Be that as it may, after Hong Kong was returned, huge numbers of the optional schools had been constrained by the Chinese government to change practically all the subjects to Chinese. The facts demonstrate tha t the substance of the books would be increasingly justifiable for the understudies, however the miserable thing was that everything would be changed back to English at colleges, which would course an agony for the understudies. Likewise, the contemplating style in Hong Kong is not quite the same as the one in the United States. The vast majority of the individuals in the U.S. give more consideration to the procedure while Hong Kong understudies for the most part center just around the aftereffect of the courses. In normal, understudies in Hong Kong for the most part don't have a lot of work to do between the main day and the last fourteen days of a semester, yet they will put al...

ESL Curriculum Planning for Teaching English

ESL Curriculum Planning for Teaching English This educational plan for non-prepared instructors of ESL/EFL centers around building a program for your group or private understudies. The initial segment centers around the nuts and bolts of ESL. There are a couple of significant viewpoints to consistently remember while building up any educational plan, be it just a couple of exercises or a full course: Language aptitudes should be reused commonly before they are effectively acquired.All language abilities (perusing, composing, talking, and tuning in) ought to be engaged with the picking up process.Understanding sentence structure rules doesn't really imply that an understudy can utilize that syntax, as understudies need to effectively rehearse aptitudes they are learning. Language Recycling A procured language should be rehashed in a different number of appearances before it tends to be effectively utilized by the understudy. Studies have demonstrated that new phonetic capacities should be rehashed in any event multiple times before most students can consider the new bit of language theirs. After six redundancies, the recently gained language abilities are typically still just inactively enacted. The student will require more redundancies before the individual in question will have the option to utilize the abilities effectively in regular discussion. Here is a case of language reusing utilizing the current basic: Work on the current basic rules.Read an article about the every day schedules of someone.Listen to somebody who depicts their day by day tasks.Have a conversation requesting that the person in question portray what the person does regularly. Utilize All Four Skills Utilizing every one of the four etymological abilities (perusing, composing, tuning in, and talking) when working through an exercise will assist you with reusing language during the exercise. Learning rules are significant, at the same time, as I would like to think, rehearsing the language is considerably progressively significant. Bringing every one of these angles into an exercise will change up the exercise and help the student sober-mindedly practice the language. Ive met numerous students who can knock off a sentence structure sheet without a slip-up and thenâ when asked, Could you depict your sister? they have issues. This is commonly because of the accentuation in many educational systems for learning punctuation. Assembling It All Along these lines, presently you comprehend the essential fundamentals of showing English successfully. You may be asking yourself the inquiry what do I educate? When arranging a course, most coursebooks manufacture their educational plan around specific topics that help stick everything together. While this can be fairly confused, I might want to give a basic model that builds up the current straightforward and past basic. Utilize this kind of blueprint to assemble your exercise and make sure to give various components, including tuning in, perusing, composing, and talking. You will find that your exercises have aâ purpose and explicit destinations which are plainly perceptible, such as helping you and your students perceive the advancement you are making. Who right? What do you do? (Day by day routines)A present straightforward model: What do you do? I work at Smiths. I get up at seven, etc.To be available model: Im wedded. Shes thirty-four.Descriptive descriptive words model: I am tall. He is short.Tell me about your past. Where did you go on your last holiday?A past basic model: Where did you go on vacation when you were a child?To be past model: The climate was fantastic.Irregular action words model: Go - went; Shine - shone At last, the exercise by and large will be isolated into three chief areas. Introduction: Introducing or surveying sentence structure or function.Development: Taking that language structure and taking a shot at it in perusing, tuning in, and different structures. This segment should make up the greater part of your exercise and incorporate various exercises, if possible.​Review: Review the guideline ideas secured during the exercise. This can be extremely direct and either understudy or educator drove, contingent upon the degree of your students.

A Comparison of Athens and Sparta Research Paper

A Comparison of Athens and Sparta - Research Paper Example It was as of now that Athens rose as the most impressive of the city states. The city rose as the social capital of the whole Greek world and it was the support of contemporary western science and theory. The Athenian realm arrived at its peak during Pericles’s life time. The city was loaded with quality and Athenians themselves trusted it to be the ‘City of God’. Then again, Sparta spoke to an entirely unexpected world. It had its own way of thinking about organization, military, training and marriage. It additionally varied from Athens on thoughts regarding the idea of relationship with other Greek realms. In spite of the fact that Sparta was a solid military state, it was substance to stay in its domain and didn’t enjoy fighting for acquisitions of new regions. Then again, Athens had expansionist strategies. It needed to get hold of an ever increasing number of Greek domains. This expansionist arrangement of Athens, proposed by Pericles, prompted war bet ween the two states which finished with the thrashing of Athens. Athens endured rout on account of Sparta. Despite the fact that Athenians were incredibly famous for their boss maritime units, they capitulated to the Spartan military ability. The explanation behind Spartan triumph can be credited to the childhood and preparing of the Spartan warriors. This requests a top to bottom examination concerning the similitudes and dissimilarities of the two states. The Spartans varied from Athenians from multiple points of view. The primary concerns around which the commonalties or contrasts between the two states can be talked about are Economy, Art, Lifestyle, Women, Military and Sexuality. The monetary or money related strategies of a country or state rely upon the idea of governmental issues common in the nation. Athens and Sparta were comparable on this component in light of the fact that both the state’s governments were chosen by individuals. While the Athenian government spea rheaded the fair framework, Sparta was a military privileged (McNesse, 31). In Athens, support originated from varying backgrounds. In spite of the fact that there were limitations on ladies, men were allowed to examine new thoughts in the get together. Then again, Sparta had substantially more firm political system. Its own philosophies and arrangements made Sparta strategically and monetarily less dynamic. Out of the two, Athens was all the more financially dynamic. It was at the focal point of an incredible exchanging system that managed merchandise from as far the Britain in the west to India in the east, carrying untold riches into the city. This exchange and Athens’s expansionist desire prompted the structure of Athenian maritime realm which extended over the Aegean Sea. Farming was the pillar of Athenian economy. It likewise thrived in view of the benefits brought by mining and metal specialties. As said before, exchange likewise had a significant impact in Athens†™ economy. This is where there lie obvious contrasts between the two domains. In Sparta, financial exercises were conveyed outside the city while there was nothing of the sort with Athens. Sparta additionally did not have a money framework, a framework which was very much evolved in Athens. This implied Sparta not just had less collaboration with the outside world, it additionally lay torpid undoubtedly. Craftsmanship is where the two domains Athens and Sparta varied a ton. During the time of conjunction of Sparta and Athens, Athens delivered the absolute most prominent artists and logicians ever. Socrates, Phidias and Plato were scholars who despite everything speak to the everlasting soul of Greek and craftsmanship and Philosophy. Then again, Sparta was just worried about its military greatness. Albeit early Sparta produces superb earthenware, it was no match to Athenian craftsmanship and science.

Legal rights of tenured teachers in dismissal proceedings Essay

Lawful privileges of tenured instructors in excusal procedures - Essay Example Its correction by Chapter 691 of the Laws of 1994 gives a chance to educators who were blamed for any offense or ineptitude the option to safeguard himself in court and experience fair treatment. Inside fifteen days, the leading body of instruction is dependable in actualizing the different privileges of the instructor to experience fair treatment, for example, the educator's privilege of employing a consultation official who might be answerable for surveying the charges against him and would additionally research his case. Whenever allowed, through the procedure, on the side of the realities and discoveries, the consultation official may give proposals as to the punishments or disciplines regarded fitting for the charges against him. (http://www.nbto.org/Union/tenure.htm, para 10) Then again, for cases that include instructive unfortunate activities or decisions, the instructor is permitted to have a three-part board who might do the examination and survey the charges against him. It is the obligation of the school area assistant or secretary's job to ensure that these arrangements and privileges of the worker is met so as to furnish them with a reasonable battle. (http://www.nbto.org/Union/tenure.htm, para 10) An extraordinary number of issues on residency has included not the only one the educators but rather the school area organizations too. ... Residency is a type of employer stability for instructors who have effectively finished a trial period. Its main role is to shield equipped instructors from self-assertive non-reestablishment of agreement for reasons irrelevant to the instructive procedure - individual convictions, character clashes with overseers or educational committee individuals, and so forth. (http://www.ericdigests.org/pre-925/tenure.htm, para 2) Instructor's residency began in 1917 in New York yet it was uniquely in 1970 when this piece of the Education Law was paid attention to by the school locale and the educators. Besides, the law was reinforced and the procedure were sped up in 1977 as a reaction to the developing strain to the school locale's various out of line and unlawful excusals. There was not satisfactory proof with respect to when the arrangements on instructor's residency had become a government property right to such an extent that it stays to be a worry of the state for which each strategy change. The fundamental push of the Teacher Tenure Act1 is that government funded school representatives under its protection2 might be excused or downgraded distinctly for at least one of fifteen grounds set out in the demonstration and just as indicated by the methodology set out in the demonstration. Frequently, educators confound this arrangement in the Education Law accordingly, it ought to be clarified that instructor residency is just a security against unlawful excusals regardless of whether the person in question is liable of the charges recorded against him/her. (http://www.iog.unc.edu/bars/electronicversions/pdfs/leps20.pdf, para 1) The fair treatment for which residency perceives among the educators perceives that laws and lawful procedures must be reasonable. An individual's fundamental rights to 'life, freedom or property,' ought not be detracted from them without the fair treatment of law.

Internal marketing Essay Example for Free

Inside showcasing Essay Inside showcasing is of much significance to an association. For any association to flourish, it must concentrate on the proficiency of the showcasing plan. The inside promoting plan inside a firm cultivates the company’s representatives and all its staff individuals to being clients of the items that they produce. At the point when workers of an association buy the items that they produce, they pull in outer markets since the general population out there will acknowledge how significant the items are to them, as much with respect to the representatives. Individuals from staff are viewed as the two providers of the merchandise and furthermore the clients of the items. This arrangement helps in reinforcing the firm to worker relationship. At the point when the firm administration relates well with the representatives, they are in a way inspired thus quality administrations will thus be given to the clients. Clients will be held inside the association, in this manner empowering the organization accomplish an upper hand. It will be in a situation to build its business as per the uncontrolled developing interest. Likewise, the organization will expand the procedure of benefit making. Fundamentally, effectiveness in inside promoting considers proficient outside showcasing endeavors (Kotler Armstrong, 2009). A decent inside advertising plan ordinarily has unmistakable highlights. For example, it ought to make a culture that empowers it to outstand over the immense serious markets. It is feasible when laborers are urged to be imaginative and creative, mindful and responsible. Representatives ought to be allowed to misuse their capacities and furthermore to act in limit as responsible pioneers. The arrangement should likewise express value, reasonableness, acknowledgment and inspiration of remarkable entertainers. Representatives ought not be treated by their rank position, race or sexual orientation. This has been a significant mishap to improvement consequently it ought to be maintained a strategic distance from definitely. It ought to likewise oblige space for advancing the employees’ aptitudes and information. By reasonableness, an association and its staff everywhere are urged to practice and grasp it. For instance when somebody close kicks the bucket, backing ought to be given to his family. The association can successfully manage this issue through putting aside crisis reserves (Ahmed Rafiq, 2002). Coca cola as an organization has grasped the utilization of inside advertising plan inside its association, and this has seen it stop and solid regardless of the opposition offered by Pepsi organization which is also a producer of soda pops. The organization has been deliberately overseen and in this way its items have been wide spread, in the United States as well as to the remainder of the world. It has embraced the utilization of the 7ps of showcasing. The 7ps includes Product, Place, Price and Promotion, Physical Environment, People, Process. Item shows what the organization creates and supplies to its huge markets. Instances of such items are sprite, coke and fanta, which mostly rule the company’s markets. Spot shows the real position of the assembling firm. At present, assembling of coca cola items have been spread everywhere throughout the world. Cost is the most significant part of advertising. The organization should direct the costs through the counsel of senior salesmen. It is the stamped value that decides the quantity of clients an association will have. Clients ought to be made mindful of the suggested retail costs of the drinks created. This is typically done as such as to dishearten the go-betweens from misusing the clients. At the point when merchandise are overrated, the associations contenders may exploit this to remove the clients. Coca Cola Company has showed a drive of writing the items suggested costs in the jug tops, therefore forestalling event of bothers. In showcasing, advancement empowers the individuals to know the sort of items the organization produces and furthermore gives them a motivation behind why they should buy them. Advancement exercises are critical on the grounds that it is the deciding element whether the business will stand or fall. Physical condition additionally assumes a significant job in promoting. The encompassing and the manner in which individuals domiciling around where an organization expects to build up its market consents to permit the business specialist complete its exercises decides the business showcasing future. Individuals might be exceptionally antagonistic; thus the business may neglect to set up its business sectors. The procedures really depict the channels an item goes through before being conveyed to the end purchaser. This may again include how the purchaser will deal with the item. The representatives of this organization are offered duty to oversee marks through effective advertising and furthermore offered need to set down attainable business methodologies (Drake, Gulman Roberts, 2005). Overseeing executives of the organization are spread everywhere throughout the world and the organization endows them to set up dependable circulation channels, the focused on purchasers and the advertising apparatuses that helps the firms’ deals. To guarantee that it wins immense benefits, the organization has expanded its business workers and unquestionably this demonstration has empowered it to be at the top position in the yearly positioning of the best brands on the planet. Such deals specialists of the organization do place into thought a decent client relationship. They have a feeling of productivity in reacting to clients needs in this manner greater part of the buyers are held. To acquire its representatives, the coca cola organization does enlistments. For one to qualify as a representative, he/she should finish the tests managed to them by the company’s chiefs. Additionally, they are taken through arrangement of meetings and surveys, and their skills checked against the prerequisites of the organization. While meeting, the directors offers conversation starters identified with chance administration, time the executives, how to take care of issues and furthermore gives that centers around authority abilities. After the representatives are employed by the organization, they are taken care of with satisfactory data about the organization. This incorporates how it completes its everyday exercises, its crucial vision. Furthermore, the associations objectives and goals are plainly expressed to them. This permits the firm administration to cooperate as one with its representatives with focus of understanding the effective result of the company’s activities. Representatives work yield is normally estimated in this organization on yearly premise. They are appraised by how they have grasped the innovation, how they have cultivated a feeling of administration and furthermore by how far they built up a strong relationship with the purchasers. Also, their imaginativeness is perceived and this is checked through breaking down how fruitful they have been in carrying the outcasts into the organization. Their outcomes as far as causing the organization to acknowledge objectives are typically nitty gritty, and the extraordinary entertainers propelled. This inspiration can either take type of expanding their regularly scheduled compensation, elevating them to higher positions or in any event, remembering them by overhearing people's conversations. Workers who are considered as less profitable are taken through a probation preparing. After probation, they are again sent back to the field, and if at this point the organization doesn't perceive any effect in their profitability, they are left with no alternative other than excusing them (Palmer, et al. , 2006). Inward promoting has been of incredible advantages to the coca cola organization. In spite of empowering its laborers perform better, it has additionally permitted them to secure information on being capable and responsible. The inside promoting has likewise improved better comprehension of the association in accordance with the business completed. Representatives have been persuaded to offer merchandise of value to their clients through energy about their extraordinary presentation. This arrangement has again expanded the customer maintenance limit and furthermore self-improvements to its representatives. Non advertisers inside the association has likewise profited since they have figured out how to complete their obligations in way like showcasing. To summarize, the interior promoting plan has connected the coca cola business culture, vision, crucial its specified systems with the employees’ social needs (Varey, 2002). Behind each fruitful association, their must be a chain of issues experienced by it. Contingent upon how the firm grasps and handles their issues, their prosperity is resolved. Not all the workers acknowledge change. Some becomes unbending with regards to grasping the adjustments in innovation. A few representatives have esteemed the utilization of automated frameworks as a method of narrowing work openings. Such representatives can be named as being ignorant from the way that PCs helps much in keeping proficient and viable stock of the company’s endeavors. The organization has likewise been confronted issues dependent on inadequacy of administrators, much accentuation being in the utilization of relational, reasonable and specialized abilities. The wild spread of social disasters, for example, defilement everywhere throughout the world has seen the organization utilize awkward staff who need abilities in the board. To include, the utilized people inside the association have been depicted as not just having a poor comprehension of the ideas of interior promoting yet in addition as disregarding the requests from the ranking staff (Kurtz, 2008). This has been a significant issue towards fruitful foundation of interior promoting plan. Clashes among the workers and furthermore inside various offices have additionally been an issue. Individuals generally battle about the advancement position have made crafted by executing an inside structure troublesome. To the side of the association, a few subordinates overlook the workers and doesn't place into thought their government assistance. Along these lines, workers have responded to battle for their privileges and subsequently this has been an obstructing factor. The soul of collaboration has likewise been significantly undermined since some top individuals from the organ

The Law of Effect in Psychology

The Law of Effect in Psychology Theories Behavioral Psychology Print The Law of Effect in Psychology By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Updated on September 23, 2019 Chris Winsor / Moment / Getty Images More in Theories Behavioral Psychology Cognitive Psychology Developmental Psychology Personality Psychology Social Psychology Biological Psychology Psychosocial Psychology The law of effect principle developed by Edward Thorndike suggested that responses closely followed by satisfaction will become firmly attached to the situation and, therefore, more likely to reoccur when the situation is repeated. Conversely, if the situation is followed by discomfort, the connections to the situation will become weaker, and the behavior of response is less likely to occur when the situation is repeated.?? Imagine that you arrive early to work one day by accident. Your boss notices and praises your diligence. The praise makes you feel good, so it reinforces the behavior. You start showing up for work a little bit early each day to keep receiving your boss’s commendations. Because a pleasing consequence followed the behavior, the action became more likely to be repeated in the future.?? More Examples If you study and then get a good grade on a test, you will be more likely to study for the next examIf you work hard and then receive a promotion and pay raise, you will be more likely to continue to put in more effort at workIf you run a red light and then get a traffic ticket, you will be less likely to disobey traffic lights in the future Discovery While we often associate the idea that consequences lead to changes in behavior with the process of operant conditioning and B.F. Skinner, this notion has its roots in the early work of psychologist Edward Thorndike.?? In his experiments, Thorndike utilized what is known as puzzle boxes to study how animals learn. The boxes were enclosed but contained a small lever that, when pressed, would allow the animal to escape. Thorndike would place a cat inside the puzzle box and then place a piece of meat outside the box and then observe the animal’s efforts to escape and obtain the food. He recorded how long each animal took to figure out how to free itself from the box. Eventually, the cats would press the lever, and the door would open so that the animal could receive the reward. Even though first pressing the lever occurred simply by accident, the cats became likely to repeat it because they had received an award immediately after performing the action. Thorndike noted that with each trial, the cats became much faster at opening the door. Because pressing the lever had led to a favorable outcome, the cats were much more likely to perform the behavior again in the future.?? Thorndike termed this the “Law of Effect,” which suggested that when satisfaction follows an association, it is more likely to be repeated. If an unfavorable outcome follows an action, then it becomes less likely to be repeated. There are two key aspects of the law of effect:?? Behaviors immediately followed by favorable consequences are more likely to occur again. In our earlier example, being praised by a supervisor for showing up early for work made it more likely that the behavior would be repeated.Behaviors followed by unfavorable consequences are less likely to occur again. If you show up late for work and miss an important meeting, you will probably be less likely to show up late again in the future. Because you view the missed meeting as a negative outcome, the behavior is less likely to be repeated. Influence on Behaviorism Thorndike’s discovery had a major influence on the development of behaviorism.?? B.F. Skinner based his theory of operant conditioning on the law of effect. Skinner even developed his own version of a puzzle box which he referred to as an operant conditioning chamber (also known as a Skinner box). In operant conditioning, behaviors that are reinforced are strengthened, while those that are punished are weakened. The law of effect clearly had a major influence on the development of behaviorism, which went on to become the dominant school of thought in psychology for much of the twentieth century.??? Many behavioral principles remain in use today. In therapeutic settings, psychologists and other mental health professionals often use reinforcement to encourage positive behaviors and discourage undesirable ones. In such cases, the use of favorable outcomes may be used to increase the likelihood of future positive behaviors. Thorndikes research on the laws of learning played an important role in the development of behavioral psychology and continue to exert influence to this day. What Is Reinforcement in Psychology?

Strategic Management - Public Bank Group - Free Essay Example

1.0 Introduction to Strategy Management Strategy management is defined as the organization is analyze, make decisions and take actions in creating and sustaining competitive advantages in the market. In making a new strategy or maintain old strategy to achieve the missions or goals in order to survive at competitive and globalize world, the organization or the manager need to access and collect micro and macro environments information for analyze it. After analyzed the business environments, the organization or the manager will make decisions or establish new planning or new strategy based on the outcome of analysis then take actions to achieve the missions or goals. Business environment is important to the organization in analyze and access for research purpose in the competition rival firms. Aswathappa (2009, p. 6) indicates competition benefits rival firms will build new capability, new customer satisfaction standards and make the leaders in the organization become proactive in planning and achieving the mission or target. At this time, the assignmentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s questions will be covered Public Bank Groupà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s mission, strategy, structure and its competition with compared other two banksà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ competition. The Public Bank Group is founded by Tan Sri Datoà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ Sri Dr. Teh Hong Piow at 1996. Over 47 years, now it is become the third largest banking group in Malaysia and listed on the Main Board of the Bursa Malaysia Securities with the market capitalization of RM68.67 billion at the end of 2013. Also, The Public Bank Group is ranked as second among all public listed companies on the Bursa Mala ysia Securities. The businesses of The Public Bank Group is focusing on the retail consumer banking business with leading market shares in financing for residential properties, commercial properties and passenger vehicles in term of selling the unit trust funds. (Annual Report Public Bank, 2013, p. 17) In Section 1 is to analyze the linkage between mission and strategy of the Public Bank Group implemented. In Section 2 is to access the organizational structure of The Public Bank Groupà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s branch at Jalan Yang Kolsam in how effective of the structure to deliver the structure and service to customers. In Section is to access, analyze and classify the competition arise between Public Bank, Maybank and RHB. In Section 4 is present detailed conclusion and recommendations to the Public Bank Group for improvement on their strategy and planning in order to achieve the corporate mission. 2.0 Mission and Strategy of Public Bank Group Entrepreneur in its website states that mission is a sentence or a short written statement to describe the companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s competitive advantage, business goals and philosophies. (2014, pp. 1) A good mission can ensure and help employees to understand the philosophy, goals and objectives of the organization they are worked at and this lead good performance of employees in the present and future. Meanwhile, the strategy that established by the organization will help the employee to enhance their planning in achieving the mission. As stated by D. Flouris and L. Oswald (2006, p. 1), before the strategy is established, it is influenced by outside forces as well as internal values, the companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s culture and also its capabilities. 2.1 Mission of Public Bank Group As stated in Annual Report of The Public Bank Group (2013, p. 5), the mission of Public Bank Group is à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"To sustain the position of being the most efficient, profitable and respected premier financial institution in Ma laysiaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢. 2.2 Strategy used by The Public Bank Group The strategy of The Public Bank Group used is growth strategy which is corporate strategy. In Public Bank Homepage stated in page of Corporate Profile (2014, pp. 10) described that The Public Bank Groupà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s growth strategy is aim to drive business growth and increase its market share in retail banking by delivered consistent service to meet the needs of its customers with well-established customer service infrastructure. Brinkman et al. (2010, p. 48) defined the growth strategy is the aim to increase the amount of business by expanding the market it serves. To meet customer needs, the Public Bank Group has been used internal development as their way of deliver strategy to their staffs by providing training in order to achieve mission of the Public Bank Group. In fact, the bank has been organized the special trainings to over 90% of customer service representatives at the front office. (Publi c Bank 2007 Annual Report, 2007, p. 11) The non-executive chairman of the Public Bank Group, Tan Sri Datoà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ Sri Dr. The Hong Piow stated that (cited in Public Bank 2013 Annual Report, 2013, p. 77) the front office staffs are specially trained, the customers are only need to wait the counter responds to them for 2 minutes which the standard set by the Public Bank Group to deliver services. In fact, the Public Bank Group is awarded and certified financial institution under ISO 9001:2008 for the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Provision of Customer Service in Loan Deliveryà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  and à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Provision of Customer Service at Front Officeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . The ISO 9001:2008 which is customer service delivery standards that awarded to the Public Bank Group is demonstrating the ability of the bank itself is serving their customers with consistently and high service quality. Consequently, the Public Bank Group and its entire branches wherever there are located also providin g a good assurance to their customer who expecting high consistently of customer experience while they are entering the branches to get service. Continuous training and staff development programs provided by the bank will keeps the achievement to be uphold in the competitive edge. 2.3 Summary of the linkage between mission of and strategy of the Public Bank Group As a result, the Public Bank Group has been achieved ISO certification for their high quality of customer service which the strategy established for customer wait for 2 minutes standard for the service from the front office staffs where this is efficient and the high customer satisfactions lead them to achieve another award as Most Profitable Company in the Finance Sector 2013 and 2011 (Public Bank 2013 Annual Report, 2013, p. 47) where this is one of the Public Bank Groupà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s mission as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"to sustain the position of being the most efficient, profitable and respected premier financial instit ution in Malaysiaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢. 3.0 Organizational structure design of The Public Bank Group Creating an organizational structure is an important part on delivering the strategy or communication with effectively. Hull in Forbes websites state that ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s important for entrepreneurs or the businesses to create a defined structure at the early, even if the business is just one man shop. (2013, pp. 3) In fact, organizational structure will helps we all to understand various job descriptions no matter there is only one man shop or many employees in an organization. Also, it helps the decision maker wonà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t design an organizational structure where the position title or job descriptions clash together. Defined and clearly organizational structure is to ensure all employees can see the picture as a whole and do back their own roles and responsibilities. An effective organizational structure will facilitates intrapreneurship between employees a nd employers. Also, the effective organizational structure also helps elaborate effective strategy for the departments or units to achieve the mission or goals with expected result. (Varbanova, 2013) The design of organizational structure also affecting the line of authority and communication between administration officers and officers. (Sekhar, 2010, p. 72) Organizational structure design consist of six elements which are specialization, departmentalization, chain of command, span of control, degree of centralization and formalization. 3.1 Customer Structure of Public Bank Branch Jalan Yang Kalsom Organizational structure that used by Public Bank branch at Jalan Yang Kalsom, Ipoh, Perak is customer structure chart. According to Brinkman et al. (2010, p. 80), they indicate a customer structure is designed and organized based on the customer. This customer structure also called as market structure, it allows the managers responsive to the needs or requirements of customers and give authority to allow managers make decision in response to customersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ changing needs. (Chapter 10 Managing Organizational Structure and Culture, n.d.) Figure 1: Customer structure of Public Bank Branch at Jalan Yang Kalsom (Own Adaptation, 2014) As illustrated on above, branch manager is ranked highest position in the Public Bank Branch Jalan Yang Kalsom. The branch manager will in-charge the final decision for the direction and planning for the particular branch. Next, will be the business manager and assistant branch manager. Business Manager is in-charge on the loan and mortgage unit. In the other hand, Assistant Branch Manager is in-charge on the customer service unit, investment unit, operation unit and credit card unit. For an example, a customer will apply loan for his house so the customer will be served by officer at loan and mortgage unit. This will lead the high satisfaction of customer which stimulated firms to search for more creative w ays to serve customer better. The advantages of customer structure chart are helps the organization to develop a better understanding of the customers and the types of customer that serving and this enable the organization to have better meeting the needs of customers. In order to meet the needs of customer, the employee of Public Bank is focusing on their own department where will bring more effective and efficient of servicer delivery. Also, the customer structure chart enables the organization to respond the questions or queries from customer with faster speed. With the faster respond to the queries from customer will bring high customer satisfaction with high expectation, so that this also meeting the objectives and mission that practiced by The Public Bank Group. This type of structure, customer structure chart is suitable to be used in branches with various customers where they can only focus on their customers with high speed of responding. This also enables employee empowerment to line staff or front office staff to make decision in responding on the changing of customer needs and preference of customers. 3.2 Summary of Customer Structure Chart of Public Bank As presented by Public Bank Group, they are using customer structure chart in their branch at Jalan Yang Kalsom. One of the advantages of customer structure chart can enables managers or front office staffs to respond the changing needs of customers and this let Public Bank Group achieved its corporate philosophy where Public Bank Group are cares their customer by providing courteous and efficient customer service in every aspects of their businesses. By empowering front office staffs to make decision in responding the needs of customer also brings creative and innovative solutions to solve problems or queries. 4.0 Competition arise between Public Bank Group, Maybank and RHB Bank In this section, I will use Michael Porterà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Five Forces model to access and anal yze the competition arise between Public Bank, Maybank and RHB Bank with five elements. Brinkman et al. (2010, p. 185) argues the five elements of Michael Porterà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Five Forces model are rivalry among existing competitors, threats of new entrants, bargaining power of suppliers, bargaining power of buyers and threat of substitute products or services. The explanation of each element is described as follows: Threats of new entrants: New entrants of an industry will bring new capacity and a desire to gain market share which will puts pressure on the current market to put more efforts in investment to reduce the market share being shared by new entrants and bring competition to the market. Bargaining power of suppliers: The powerful supplier able to capture their own values to the company by charging higher prices on the raw materials and shifting costs to the particular industry or company. Powerful supplier also can squeeze profitability out of industry which is unable to increase its own prices freely. The suppliers for banks are credit market or depositors which save their money in the bank saving accounts. Bargaining power of buyers: Powerful customers are opposite of powerful supplier which able to capture more their own values to the company by forcing down the prices of the products or services and able to demand higher quality or services. Buyers are powerful when they have the negotiating leverage which related to the industry because buyers are the one who sensitive with the prices. The buyers for banks are loaner, creditors and public which borrow money from banks and return money to the banks by installment with interest charged. Threats of substitute products or services: A substitute products or services are performing the same or similar function as industry product but with different means. For example, e-mail is a substitute for express mail. WeChat voice message is a substitute for call service provided by telecommunication company. Rivalry among existing competitors: Advertising campaigns, price discounting, service improvement and launching or promotion of new products is familiar forms in rivalry among existing competitors. Slow growth of industry is precipitating the competition for the markt share and the profitability of a company is depending on intensity of compete and the basis of direction or goals to compete. Table 1: Michael Porterà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Five Forces Model for Public Bank, Maybank and RHB Bank (Own Adaptation 2014) Elements/Banks Public Bank Maybank RHB Bank Threats of new entrants Ià ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢m assume it is low which government did not set any barrier or policies for any financial institution so any banks are easy to penetrate into the industry. Bargaining power of supplier Low unless there is better service or interest on savings is higher than Public Bank. Low Low Bargaining power of buyers Low Low Low Threats of substitute products or services There are same substitute which same products or services are offered by three banks. Rivalry among existing competitors High with awarded ISO certification of customer satisfaction standard and awarded most profitable bank in Malaysia at 2013. Low Low 4.1 Summary of competition arise between Public Bank, Maybank and RHB Bank As illustrated on Table 1, Public Bank has the core competencies with ISO certification of customer service standard and most profitable bank in Malaysia at 2013. Ià ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢m assume the strategy used by Public Bank is better than Maybank and RHB Bank as Public has a lot of awards for its achievement in banking industry by serving customer within their expectation and high customer satisfaction also. 5.0 Conclusion and Recommendations for Public Bank Group Galavan, Murray and Markides argues that business environment in which rapid changes in globalization of markets are creating communities of customers. (2008, p. 131) In fact, it is same as The Public Bank Group where the top management will access all the micro and macro environments to analyze in order to establish a new and good strategy for achieve the mission. In Section 1, the growth strategy used by The Public Bank Group is aim t o meet their customer needs and satisfaction and there is an achievement to the corporate mission which is à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"To sustain the position of being the most efficient, profitable and respected premier financial institution in Malaysiaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢. The award of most profitable bank in Malaysia at 2013 and ISO 9001:2008 which is customer service standard is the outcome after they have offered special training to over 90% front office staff in responding queries from customer within 2-minute. In Section 2, the customer structure chart brings a lot of advantages to the Public Bank Group where it is empowering their staff to solve and directly to respond to the changing requirement of customer needs with creatively and innovatively. By doing so, the structure also able to deliver their strategy which to meet customer needs with courteous and efficient. In Section 3, there is low competition arise between Public Bank, Maybank and RHB Bank where Public Bank is achieved s o many awards by comparing to Maybank and RHB Bank. Lastly, the recommendation for The Public Bank Group is to keep investing on their research and development on their service in order to maintain and sustain the best customer service in achieving the mission.

High Levels Of Stress Among Teens - 1251 Words

According to data collected by the Center of Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), suicide is the leading cause of all deaths (18.4%) following accidental injuries for American adolescents (Heron). To visualize this information, imagine walking through a grave yard for adolescents and knowing every ten steps walked you passed, on average, two people who committed suicide. But the question still stands: why? The answer lies in the fact adolescents are experiencing high levels of stress due to high school and the associated pressures and therefore are demonstrating damaging symptoms as an effect. Many of these experts appeared in a survey conducted by the American Psychological Association. This published survey concluded that â€Å"during the school year, teens say their stress level is higher than levels reported by adults. 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Examining The Relationship Between Stock Prices And Dividend Payments Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1380 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Research paper Did you like this example? This research investigates whether there exists a relationship between share prices and dividend payments of world stock indices during January 1977 to December 2009 time period. Majority of financial books point out that in a well functioning capital market these two variables should be related (Brealey and Meyers 1986); the present value of the share should be equal to the dividend stream discounted by the return earned on securities of a comparable risk.footnote Furthermore stock market studies indicate that share prices increase respond to dividend news; dividend increases tend to be associated with share price increases while dividend cuts are usually associated with share price falls (Petit,1972; Ahrony and Sway, 1980). Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Examining The Relationship Between Stock Prices And Dividend Payments Finance Essay" essay for you Create order In determining whether stock prices and dividends are co integrated, a large amount of empirical research have used co integration techniques . This research paper investigates if a long run relationship exists between share price and dividend of 11 global market indices. Talk about world stock indices Using the above empirical framework, this research will test Ho: No long run relationship between stock prices and dividends H1 : Long run relationship. As per outline estimation method,research wil fail to reject the null if is non ststionary and reject null if it is stationary . In case of rejection of the null hypothesis we can conclude that there exists a long run relationship between hare price and their dividend payments. The use of the cointegration technique has become widely used to test present value models for stock prices. According to this model, stock prices are fundamentally determined by the discounted value of their future dividends, which derive their value from future expected earning (Campbell, Lo Mackinlay, 1997) . LITERATURE REVIEW 3. METHODOLOGY 4. DATA DESCRIPTION AND COUNTRY INFORMATION There are eight countries with their major stock indices included in this sample, of which there are 5 European countries and their major stock index (United Kingdom FTSE100, Belgium BEL 20, Netherlands AEX Index, Spain IBEX 35 and Germany DAX 30), one Asian country and its stock index (Hong Kong Hang Seng Index) and two countries from the Americas, namely United States of America and its 4 stock indices (SP 500, DJIA 30, NASDAQ 100 and SP 100), the other country being Canada with its stock index ( SP/ TSX 60). Other world stock indices according to the Datastream database in August 2010 where considered for this research, but because Datastream did not have complete dividend payments , only 11 world stock indices which had complete stock price information and dividend data were considered for the study. We analyse the monthly data for 2 variables, the stock price index (Pt) and Dividend payments (Dt) taken from DataStream, with each index having a varying time period or time range. This sample of data is biased towards developed countries, since with stock indices, dividend data can be easily acquired to study the long run relationship between stock prices and dividends by analysing the worlds major stock indices, other than just analysing one index or stock. For each stock index, the annual stock price and dividend payment information was obtained from DataStream, The stock price indices and dividends were deflated by the consumer price index (CPI) and this data was then analysed to determine if a long run relationship exists between real stock prices and real stock dividends using the PANEL COINTEGRATION methodology for a panel data set. each index has a varying sample period as shown in table 1 below:- The countries and their respective stock market indices in the sample were selected primarily on the basis of data availability, in terms stock prices and dividend payments Table 1 shows: ÂÂ   DATA INFORMATION ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   Continent Country Stock Index Sample Range Period (Years) America USA SP 500 January 1977 December 2007 30 Years ÂÂ   ÂÂ   DJIA 30 March 1978 December 2007 29 Years ÂÂ   ÂÂ   NASDAQ 100 October 1985 -December 2007 22 Years ÂÂ   ÂÂ   SP 100 April 1999 December 2009 10 Years Europe UK FTSE 100 January 1986 December 2007 21 Years Europe BELGIUM BEL 20 May 1991 December 2009 18 Years N.America CANADA SP/TSX60 February 2002 December 2009 7 Years Europe NETHERLANDS AEX INDEX February 1992 December 2007 15 Years Europe SPAIN IBEX 35 December1990 December 2007 17 Years Asia HONG KONG HANGSENG December 1986 December 2007 21 Years Europe GERMANY DAX 30 November 1990 December 2007 17 Years Table .1 provides summary information for the stock price index , the empirical analysis focuses on the stock indices mentioned above. REFERENCES [1] Ahrony,J and I . Sway (1980),Quartely dividend and earnings announcements and stockholders returns : an empirical analysis, Journal of Finance, Vol.35,pp1-12 [1] Brealey,R, . A and S.C.Meyers (1986), Principles of Corporate Finance, McGraw Hill, London. [2] Bong Soo Lee, Co-movements of earnings, dividends and stock prices. [3] Campbell, J. Y, and R. Shiller (1987) Cointegration and tests of present value models, Journal of Political Economy, Vol. 95, pp. 1062 1088. [4] Campbell, J. Y and Shiller (1988) Stock Prices, earnings and expected dividends, Journal of Finance, 43, 661 676. [5] Campbell, J. Y and Shiller (1989) The dividend ratio model and small sample bias: a Monte Carlo study, Economics Letters, Vol.29, pp.325-331. [6] Campbell JY, Lo AW, Mackinlay AC (1997) , The econometrics of financial markets, Princeton University Press , Princeton. [ ] Engle, Robert and Granger, C, W. J., (1987), Cointegration and Error Correction: Representation, Estimation, and Testing. Econometrics, 55, 251 276. [7] Kao, C.(1999) Spurious regression and residual based tests for Cointegration in panel data. Journal of Econometrics, 90, 1-44. [8] Kwiatkowski D, Phillips PCB, Schmidt P, Shin Y (1992), Testing the null hypothesis of stationary against the alternative of a unit root: How sure are we that economic time series have a unit root? Journal of Econometrics 54:159 178. [9] K.S., M.H.Pesaran, and Y. Shin (1997) Testing for unit roots in heterogeneous panels, mimeo, University of Cambridge, December 1997. [10] Levin, A. and C.F. Lin (1992) Unit root tests in Panel data: asymptotic and finite sample properties, mimeo, University of California, San Diego, May 1992. [11] Levin, A. and C.F. Lin (1993) Unit root tests in Panel data: asymptotic and finite sample properties, mimeo, University of California, San Diego, December 1993. [12] Levin, A., Lin C.F. and Chu J. (2002), Unit root in panel data: Asymptotic and finite sample Properties , Journal of Econometrics, 108 (1), 1-24. [13] MacDonald, R. and D.M. Power (1995) Stock prices, dividends and retentions, Journal of Empirical Finance, Vol.2 pp. 135-151. [14] MacDonald, R. and I.W. Marsh (1997) A forward premium puzzle and the power of the panel, mimeo, University of Strathclyde. [15] MacKinnon, J.G (1991) Critical Values for Cointegration tests, In Long -run Economic Relationships, R.F. Engle and C.W.J. Granger (eds.), Oxford University Press: Oxford. [ ] Maddala, G.S. and S. Wu (1999). Comparative Study of Unit root Tests with Panel Data and a N [16] Pascal Mazodier (1979) Review of the Econometrics of Panel Data , Economic Journal 89, 999-1001 [17] Pedroni, P. (1995) Panel Cointegration: asymptotic and finite sample properties of pooled time series tests with an application to the PPP hypothesis , Indiana University Working Paper, Number 95-013, June. [18] Pedroni, P. (1996) Fully modified OLS for heterogeneous cointegrated panels and the case of purchasing power parity , Indiana University Working Paper Number 96-020. [19] Pesaran, M. H. and Smith, R. (1995), estimating long -run relationships from dynamic heterogeneous panels. Journal of Econometrics, 68, 79- 113. [20] Petit, R.R . (1972) Dividend announcements,security performance and capital market efficiency, Journal of Finance, Vol.27 , pp. 993 -1007. [20] Phillips, P.C.B and S.Ouliaris (1986) Testing for Cointegration, Yale University Discussion Paper Number 809. [21] R. Engle and C.W.J. Granger (1991), Long run economic relations: Readings in Cointegration, Oxford University Press. [22] Shiller, R. (1981) Do stock prices move too much to be justified by subsequent changes in dividend? American Economics Review, Vol. 71, pp. 421 436. [23] Sheng, S. L. and Chang, U. C . 2000 Testing the Existence of Speculative Bubbles in Stock Price of Financial Industry . Journal of Industry Economics ,106, 109-143. Fig .2 . This shows the line graph representation of the closing stock prices of the DJIA index. It shows that from 1994 the prices of the DJIA index stocks have been steadily rising, showing a continuous trend in the year 2000. Fig.3 Fig.3 . This shows the histogram representation of the closing stock prices of the DJIA index, it shows the mean 7329.240, kurtosis 1.563437 and the Jarque Bera test 152.5889. Returns of the DJIA INDEX. Fig.4 Fig. 4 shows the line graph, showing stationarity in the returns of the DJIA index .

GiDa Ltd Analysis of financial performance - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1368 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? GiDa Ltd Analysis of financial performance Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "GiDa Ltd: Analysis of financial performance" essay for you Create order Table of Contents 1 Introduction 2Financial Statements and ratios 2.1Income statement 3.2Balance Sheet 3Limitations 4Overdraft reduction plan 5Conclusion Bibliography Appendix 1 GiDa Ltd Income statement Appendix 2 GiDa Ltd Balance Sheet Appendix 3KPIà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s The following report has been produced by Drake Consultancy on behalf of GiDa Ltd, a corporation that is involved in the design and manufacture of casual and leisure clothing aimed specifically at the higher-income young persons market. GiDa has been requested by their bankers to reduce their current borrowing requirements within the next six months. The intention of this report is to analyse the financial performance of the business using the key performance indicators and ratios as indicated by Atrill and McLaney (2006) and present a plan for the business that will enable it to comply with the banks requirements. Copies of the financial statements of GiDa Ltd covering the two years to 31 December 2007 are attached within appendices 1 and 2. It should be noted at this stage that these have been prepared and presented in accordance with the current reporting standards as set by the IASB[1]. One consequence of these standards is that when measuring performance, the majority of ratios used are concentrated upon the balance sheet, although as will be seen in this case these do relate to the profitability of the business (Ryan 2004, p.145). In common with standard practice, to enable a comprehensive analysis of GiDaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s financial performance, we have used six key performance indicators (Lee 2006), the details of which are included in appendix 3. Two of these relate to income statement activity and the remainder concentrate upon balance sheet performance. 2.1Income statement With regard to the income statement, two KPIà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s can be seen to have contributed to the increase of the business overdraft during 2007. These are the inventory turnover period and the trade receivables. The results show that inventory has reduced from being turned over 3.14 times per year to 2.46 times. Similarly, the trade receivables in 2007 represent 16.71%, an increase of over 5% in the year. As is apparent from the income statement (appendix 1), there are no exception items in the accounts, therefore both of these events have directly put pressure on the business cash flow, increasing funding requirements (Atrill and McLaney 2006, p.204). 3.2Balance Sheet An analysis of the GiDa Ltd balance sheets for the two years (appendix 2) also reveals several areas of concern (Riahi-Belkaoui 2004), which might have precipitated the banks request. These concerns appear in four major areas. Return on investment The percentage return on investment has reduced to 22.09% in 2007 (25.27% 2006). Although this might be of minor concern, as GiDa is a private company, if investors are needed in the future its importance will increase. Current Ratio The current ratio tests the ability of the business to cover its short term or current liabilities. In this case 2006 showed a comfortable position where current assets were nearly twice the size of current liabilities, although this position has weakened considerably in 2007. Acid Test ratio However, of more importance in terms of performance is the acid test ratio. Here it is recognised that the business inventory does not have the same liquidity strength as other current assets, particularly in a forced sale environment (Atrill and McLaney 2006). Financial institutions are only comfortable when this ratio exceeds 1(Ryan 2004) and, as is apparent from the GiDa balance sheet in neither year has this been achieved. Even more concerning is the fact that in 2007 this ratio reduced to less than half. From the bankà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s viewpoint this would raise issues relating to the security of their lending (Lee 2006). Debt/equity ratio A similar result to the acid test ratio would be required from the debt/equity ration, which is designed to indicated the solvency of the business when comparing liabilities against the equity available (Schroeder et al 2005). The review of the GiDa performance shows that in 2007 this ratio, as with the previous one, has also reduced to less than half. Despite the increased and improved performance reflected in the corporationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s income statements, there is little doubt that the performances in the areas indicated above have been the cause of the bankà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s disquiet as to the future stability of the business and resulted in their requesting a reduction in current borrowings (Jones 2006 and Lee 2006). Prior to making recommendations (section 4) it should be noted that this performance analysis would have contained a more detailed appraisal had Drake Consultancy been able to access two further areas of information. The first of these is the cash flow statement, which provides future indication of continuing liquidity (Ryan 2004, p.1). In the second instance, a more detailed analysis of revenue segments might have proved useful in assessing whether performance was an issue within the male or female clothing ranges. In addition, from the information provided it has been assumed that all the profits earned by the business in 2006 have been withdrawn by the shareholders as dividends in 2007 as this amount has not been carried forward to the 2007 balance sheet (see appendix 2). The balance sheet for GiDa Ltd shows that the overdraft has increase to  £5.5 million in 2007 (2006  £600,000). To comply with the bankers request for a reduction in the overdraft levels within six months the reports authors would make recommendations for improvements in two main areas of the business performance, these being related to the inventory and trade receivables. Inventory If the inventory turnover level had been maintained in 2007 at the same ratio as 2006 it would have stood at  £4.588million instead of the balance sheet amount of  £5.820 million. This would have reduced the business borrowing levels in the full year by  £1,261 million Trade receivables In terms of trade receivables the extent of credit extended to customers has increased by 5% in 2997. Had this credit control been maintained at 2006 levels additional cash available to the business would have been  £1,161.55 million. It is therefore recommended that additional controls and monitoring be conducted upon these two areas to reduce the ratios back to 2006 levels as a matter of urgency. The cash flow benefit of taking this action will have the following positive cash inflow to the business over the course of one year:  £1,261 +  £1,161 =  £2,422 million Achieving this level of improvement would enable the business to provide the bank with a borrowing reduction of  £1,211 million with the six month period requested. Furthermore, these measures would also serve to improve the business key performance indicators, especially in relation to the current and acid test ratios. It is concluded from the review of the financial performance of GiDA that whilst the income performance has improved, the two areas of financial controls mentioned in section 4 have been allowed to become lax, which has caused the bank to become concerned about their lending. However, providing the corporationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s management implement the recommendations of this report it is considered that the business will be able to achieve a position that will enable it to comply with the banks request to reduce borrowing levels and, in addition, strengthen its balance sheet value at the same time. Atrill, P and McLaney E (2006). Accounting and Finance for Non-Specialists. Harlow: FT Prentice Hall Jones, M (2006). Financial Accounting. Chichester: John Wiley Sons Lee, T (2006). Financial Reporting and Corporate Governance. Chichester: John Wiley Sons Riahi-Belkaoui (2004). Accounting Theory. London: Thomson Learning Schroeder, R.G., Clark, M.W and Cathey, J.M (2005). Financial Accounting Theory and Analysis: Text, Readings and Cases. New York: John Wiley Sons Inc Ryan R (2004). Finance and Accounting for Business. London: Thomson Learning Income statementforGiDa Ltd. for theyearended31December 2006 2007  £000  £000  £000  £000 Revenue 14,006 22,410 Costofsales Opening inventory 2,330 3,140 Purchases 7,584 14,298 Closing inventory (2,418) (5,820) (7,496) (11,618) Grossprofit 6,510 10,792 Operatingexpenses (2,384) (3,700) Operatingprofit(beforeinterestandtaxation) 4,126 7,092 Interestpayable (432) (912) Profitbeforetaxation 3,694 6,180 Taxation (420) (780) Profitfor the year 3,274 5,400 Balance sheetforGiDa Ltd. as at 31December 2006 2007  £000  £000  £000  £000 Non-current assets 8,600 14,470 Current assets Inventory 2,418 5,820 Trade receivables 1,614 3,744 Other receivables 268 402 Cash 56 8 4,356 9,974 Current liabilities Trade payables 1,214 2,612 Other payables 248 402 Taxation 420 780 Bank overdraft 600 5,050 2,482 8,844 Net current assets 1,874 1,130 10,474 15,600 Non-current liabilities Long-term loan 3,600 6,600 Net assets 6,874 9,000 Equity Ordinary shares of  £0.50 each 3,600 3,600 Retained profit 3,274 5,400 6,874 9,000 Figure 1 Financial Ratios GiDa Ltd Financial Ratios Comparisons  £  £  £ 000s Dec-31 Dec-31 2006 2007 Inventory period Annual cost of goods sold 7,584 14,298 Inventory 2,418 5,820 Ratio 3.14 2.46 Trade receivables Revenue 14,006 22,410 Trade receivables 1,614 3,744 Percentage 11.52% 16.71% Return on Investment Total Assets 12,956 24,444 Net Profit after Taxes 3,274 5,400 Percentage 25.27% 22.09% Current Ratio Current Liabilities 2,482 8,844 Current Assets 4,356 9,974 Ratio 1.76 1.13 Acid Test Ratios Current Liabilities 2,482 8,844 Current Assets (Less inventory) 1,938 4,154 Ratio 0.78 0.47 Debt equity ratio Total Liabilities 2,482 8,844 Equity 3,600 3,600 Ratio 1.45 0.41 1 Footnotes [1] International Accounting Standards Board (2008)

Guatemal Guatemala And Mexico - 1370 Words

Guatemala Guatemala is divided into 22 departments. Guatemala s capital is the largest city is Nueva Guatemala de la Asuncià ³n, and is known as Guatemala City. Guatemala City, locally known as Guatemala or Guate, is the capital and largest city of Republic of Guatemala, and the most popular in Centro America. The city is located in the south–central part of the country. Pedro Alvarado was the Spanish man who conquered what is now Guatemala by defeating the native Mayan people and making it a Spanish colony. Guatemala joins the United Provinces of Central America. In the territory of modern Guatemala was formed the core of the Mayan civilization, in which was extended across Mesoamerica. Guatemala was conquered by the Spanish Pedro de Alvarado in the 16th century, and becoming a part of the viceroyalty of New Spain. Guatemala was conquered independence in 1821 as part of the Federal Republic of Central America. Guatemala is bordered by Mexico to the north and west, the Pacific Ocean to the southwest, Belize to the northeast, the Caribbean and Honduras to the east, and El Salvador to the southeast. It is the most populous state in Central America. (Wiki.org. Guatemala) Guatemala Landforms Guatemalans call their country The Land of Eternal Spring. A slight climate changes allows for a large amount of vegetation and beautiful flowers around the year covering many square miles of landscape. The central highland mountains are The Sierra Madre and the Cuchumatanes they are

Additive Manufacturing Technology In Dental Implants Engineering Essay Free Essays

string(99) " temperature for sintering procedure or it means that welding without runing \( Arptech, 2010 \) \." Medical industry is one of the most existing industries which extensively use Rapid Manufacturing for their application. Every twenty-four hours tonss of people all around the universe faces different medical jobs and they easy get treated really rapidly merely because of new fabrication technique. From this aspect Dental and Hearing industries are in a tendency which is developing really fast to undertake the challenges of future and treated as the most successful portion of this industry. We will write a custom essay sample on Additive Manufacturing Technology In Dental Implants Engineering Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now The full research and application are depends on some alone particular functionality, form and cost. Sing all demands the constituent are produced utilizing plentifulness of stuffs through different procedure for both industries such as, This study gives the brief thought about usage of linear fabrication engineering in medical industry particularly in dental and hearing with an illustration of fabricating constituent, it besides put light on advantage for both modeller and user after utilizing linear fabrication engineering. The Rapid Prototyping ( RP ) can be defined as a group of technique which refers to the bed by layer fiction of 3-dimensional ( 3D ) physical theoretical accounts straight from Computer aided design ( CAD ) . ( Cooper, 2001 ) By and large this RP is known as the Additive fabrication ( AM ) procedure, because of recent sweetening and development in the field of Computer Numerical Control ( CNC ) machining has prove this engineering as the portion of RP procedure. ( Wimpenny, ( 2010 ) ) Development in CNC machining which happened as an RP technique include remotion of stuff with higher rates, addition in cutting velocities and besides with higher machine axis speed. New development in both package and 3D bounder informations coped up with the recent alterations. ( Wimpenny, ( 2010 ) ) The procedure begins after making a 3D theoretical account utilizing CAD package and it is indistinguishable for all built techniques. The theoretical account is so convert in to Standard Triangulation Language ( STL ) format, this format shows the 3D surfaces as an assembly of many contriver trigons. At following phase STL file slice the 3D theoretical account in to beds. As we know the linear fabrication is gradual procedure in which parts are industries through beds and each beds are joined and procedure continues until the concluding portion formed. RP ‘s linear nature allows is to make parts with complicated internal characteristics which is non possible by other agencies like hollow countries and undercuts for that these parts some times supports are necessary. ( ( thenar, 1998 ) ) 2.2.1: Potential benefits of Rapid prototyping: Rapid Prototyping has great advantages in technology, fabrication, selling and buying because it is easy rectified the job before production through design procedure. And it becomes clearer after comparing it with both CNC and traditional methods. ( efunda, 2010 ) Other benefits of rapid prototyping are follows, ( Wimpenny, ( 2010 ) ) Elimination of clip of tooling and cost Complexity does non state about cost and clip. Bespoke/customised parts which are non possible for early methods. Through procedure is really easy to unite parts. It is easy to incorporate parts like mechanical and electronics Need non to piece the portion it will automatically come after procedure. Proper look into up cut down the stock list Easy to machine complex geometries like hollow parts and crisp interior cones. 3.0: Rapid Prototyping Technologies: Assortment of rapid prototyping engineering is being used in different country for different prototyping intent. The purpose consider as fabrication of follows, Hearing assistance shell Dental header, coronating and Bridgess 3.1: Linear fabrication Technologies: 3.1.1: Stereolithography ( SLA ) : Stereolithography ( SLA ) is an linear fabrication engineering for bring forthing paradigms, forms, theoretical accounts, and in some instances, production parts. SLA builds theoretical account of plastic parts individual bed at a clip by following beam of optical maser on the VAT of liquid UV curable exposure polymer rosin. When UV light work stoppages the surface of the polymer rosin solidify the individual bed of rosin, when one bed is completed after following, the built platform descend in deepness by individual bed thickness ( Schmitt, 2005 ) . Then, a rosin filled blade expanses over the cross subdivision and make full it with fresh stuff and so optical maser once more do the same procedure on the top of the old bed, this procedure continues until the theoretical account is produced. Material self adhesive belongings to bond each bed and forma complete 3D theoretical account, after edifice parts are cleaned in dawanol rosin and intoxicant and so cured in a UV oven. ( wikipedia, 2010 ) Stereolithography requires support for some object holding complex geometries like over bents and under cuts to keep the portion in lift platform and to forestall alteration in geometry from non debaring because of gravitation but to keep accurately. Supports are either automatically or manually designed along with the theoretical account, after procedure completion elevates it from VAT and cut off the supports. Then station processing requires which include cleansing and station remedy. ( Schmitt, 2005 ) Fig 1: The stereolithography procedure ( wikipedia, 2010 ) Advantages of Stereo lithography: ( Wimpenny, ( 2010 ) ) High quality surface finish with good mechanical strength Models are clear and sound in declaration Reliable for high productiveness Disadvantages of Stereolithography: Expansive in machines and care every bit compared to others and Complete service in contract and besides require laser replacing. Materials are expensive ( ?120-200/kg ) and in limited scope Should see wellness and safety issues with accessory equipment Wet stuff handling Require station processing 3.1.2: Laser Sintering ( LS ) : â€Å" Laser sintering ( LS ) is an linear fabrication technique by which parts are produces straight from 3D CAD theoretical account built bed by bed similar to SLA but instead than liquid rosin pulverization is used † ( Arptech, 2010 ) . The CO2 Laser beam traces the all right heat fusible pulverization bed to increase its liquescent temperature so that pulverization fuses and organize a solid mass. The optical maser beam energy is maintained merely to blend pulverization in defined country of cross subdivision. The whole chamber temperature is fixed merely below the runing point of pulverization, so laser somewhat increase the temperature for sintering procedure or it means that welding without runing ( Arptech, 2010 ) . You read "Additive Manufacturing Technology In Dental Implants Engineering Essay" in category "Essay examples" For the following measure Piston descend by individual bed thickness to resign topographic point for the new pulverization bed. Roller dispersed p owder stuff on the built platform. This procedure continues until the sold theoretical account is produced with blending each bed below it. Then parts removed from the platform and left pulverization is removed for farther usage, produced portion may necessitate station processing for good surface coating such as sanding, it depend on the application. Complex geometries like overhangs and under cuts are supported by the solid pulverization bed. ( Schmitt, Rapid prototyping in dental medicine: engineering and application, 2005 ) Advantages of LS: ( Wimpenny, ( 2010 ) ) Potential stuffs are available in broad scope for processing Properties of the produced portion are really near to technology criterions With out station hardening theoretical accounts are used Fresh pulverization Acts of the Apostless as the support No demand to plan supports Easy to take support stuff Support stuff can be partly ( 30 % ) reused = less waste Supports are wholly removed with out feeling Partss are stacked on the top and inside the another object Disadvantages of LS: Process get shrink so need to give compensation Difficult procedure as compared to SLA Partss are porous require excess care/ powdery surface Build orientation defines the belongingss Brittle parts as compared to others Dust control is a large job in this procedure Fig 2: Laser sintering procedure plants ( Arptech, 2010 ) 3.1.3: Fused Deposition Modeling ( FDM ) : â€Å" Construction of 3D theoretical accounts through the uninterrupted deposition of an extruded fibril of stuff † ( Wimpenny, ( 2010 ) ) FDM is largely known as a 2nd best prototyping engineering after SLA ( Additive3d, 2010 ) ; it consists of temperature governable caput which extrude bed by bed thermo fictile stuff. Material is supplied to an bulge nose through a plastic fibril which is non wounded on a spiral. Heated nozzle melt the plastic in to semi liquid province and it besides has a mechanism through which it pour the liquid province plastic when it required agencies on and off system. Nozzle is allowed to travel in both perpendicular and horizontal waies and it is set on a mechanical phase. As the nozzle base on balls through the tabular array it pour the liquid province fictile stuff in the needed flight bed by bed. The fictile rapidly solidify and bonded with the old bed after chuck outing from the nose. The whole system is hold in a chamber which is maintained at a temperature somewhat lower so the runing point of plastic. Assortment of patterning colourss and stuffs are available in FDM procedure such as investing casting wax and medical class ABS. ( Schmitt, Rapid prototyping in dental medicine: engineering and application, 2005 ) Fig 3: Fused deposition patterning procedure ( express.redeyeondemand, 2010 ) Advantages of FDM: ( Wimpenny, ( 2010 ) ) Operation is simple Machines are inexpensive and dependable as compared to others Assortment of stuffs can be used for functional paradigms Easy to run in office environment. Disadvantages of FDM: Slow in procedure Partss are porous so they require excess attention Build orientation set the belongingss otherwise delamination can happen Support stuff should be removed otherwise it modify the physique stuff which are manually broken Waste of support stuff 3.1.4: 3D Printing: â€Å" 3D printingA uses standard inkjet publishing engineering to make parts layer by bed by lodging a liquid binder onto thin beds of pulverization. Alternatively of feeding paper under the print caputs like a 2D pressman † ( Materialise, 2010 ) , in 3D printing procedure print caput prints the portion cross subdivision informations after go throughing over a bed of pulverization. Feed Piston and platform are mechanized to administer pulverization in full physique platform equally and accurately, which comes up bit by bit for every individual bed. Powder which is distributed from feed Piston is spread on a build platform through roller mechanism. After distributing the pulverization bed, Printing starts with inkjet print caput to the cross subdivision of the first bed or the base of the theoretical account on the all right bed of pulverization, with pasting the pulverization together. After this Piston fall the platform by individual bed thickness of 0.1mm and fresh bed of pulverization is distributed equally on the top of earlier 1. The print head start publishing new bed after using informations for the following cross subdivision, and it besides glued automatically with the old 1. This procedure repeated it self for every individual bed until the solid theoretical account is produced ( Materialise, 2010 ) . After finishing the procedure, The reinforced chamber and parts are supported by left pulverization. Partss are removed from the build chamber after stuff get set, feed platform usage staying loose pulverization for farther production. Fig 4: 3D Inkjet printing procedure ( Rapid prototyping centre, 2010 ) Advantages of 3D printing: Less fabrication cost for little and medium parts Good surface coating can be achieved through station processing and sanding Partss are reused after painting and smoothing Disadvantages of 3D printing: 3DP parts have small unsmooth visual aspect because of fictile bead layering Not good for big portion because slow in procedure 3.1.5: Jetting ( PolyJet from Objet ) : Jeting is significantly similar to stereolithography in engineering with lone difference that it uses solid province exposure sensitive stuff. PolyJet engineering works on the jetting procedure in which exposure polymer stuffs are jetted on a built platform in extremist thin beds to finish portion bed by bed. Ultra violet visible radiation remedies every individual exposure polymer stuff bed instantly after gushing, with out station hardening theoretical accounts are to the full cured on managing and can be used instantly. The supports which are designed to back up complex geometries are really easy to take by manus or H2O jetting because it is gel like support stuff. ( Materialise, 2010 ) Fig 5: Ployjet printing procedure ( Art corporation, 2010 ) 3.1.6: Multi jet Mold: Multi Jet Modeling is a fast rapid prototyping engineering besides footings as Thermo jet and is used for construct mold. The theoretical accounts truth is less every bit compared to stereolithography because of wax like plastic theoretical accounts. â€Å" The procedure uses a print caput that consists of additive arranged jets which spray bantam droplets of liquid liquid stuff which cool and harden on impact to organize the solid object † . ( ( About.com, 2010 ) ) Fig 6: multi jet patterning procedure ( Wimpenny. D. ( 2010 ) . RP A ; CNC machining, Rapid Product Development, De Montfort University, Leicester ) Advantages of Multi jet mold: ( Cooper, 2001 ) Cost effectual Reliable Good surface finish and net working capableness Disadvantages of Multi jet mold: Materials are low in strength Relatively high cost for edifice stuffs Partss of support stuffs are unsmooth in surface 3.2: Materials: Linear fabrication procedure requires different stuffs for different single application. Materials vary harmonizing to company and there machines. For Dental and Hearing parts the stuffs are suited such as, Perfactory- envisiontec e-shell 200- Rigid and Durable DMLS- Titanium and Cobalt crome 3D- Castable stuffs Solidscape D66+ 3D printer- Non toxic thermoplastic stuff Projet MP300- Visijet MP200 Dental theoretical account stuff Objet Eden machines- Full remedy rose and skin tone 4.0: Application in Dental and Hearing industries: Hearing assistance shells Dental implants 4.0.1: Hearing assistance shell machines: A: â€Å" LS are a free signifier fiction procedure using linear rapid fabrication engineering. The optical maser sintering engineering was developed at the University of Texas, originally licensed to DTM Corporation † . ( Paramount, 2010 ) Laser sintering has become the fabricating method of pick in the hearing assistance industry. This industry has to strongly necessitate to custom-make its merchandises, because the success of this procedure is to the full depend on the ability of portion to accommodate to the anatomy of the audile canal. The fabrication procedure does non depend on figure of indistinguishable or single merchandise and it ever runs with the same efficiency. The entire reinforced country of optical maser sintering system can be filled with several hundred hearing assistance shells and therefore all merchandises can bring forth in one dark. In this procedure optical maser copy the anatomy by making wax form so copied wax form scanned to make a 3D informations and apart from geometry every portion is integrate with certain designation figure so that that it can be easy identified after procedure. Laser sinter the shell and it will unite through electronic constituent. Presently this optical maser sinteri ng engineering produces about 100000 hearing assistance shells in a twelvemonth and it can be achieved through one individual plastic optical maser sintering machine ( Stotko, 2005 ) Fig 7: Laser sintered hearing assistance ( Stotko, 2005 ) Bacillus: Objet ‘s solution is the hearing assistance industry which done all necessary trial to guarantee that that the stuffs which are developed for hearing assistance instruments are suited for the procedure every bit good as Oklahoma from medical point of position. Objet ‘s Eden machines are work on Ployjet engineering and industry hearing AIDSs with perfect coating and good quality sing more flexibleness, productiveness and less cost. The solution including three material picks for alone hearing assistance instrument like clear, rose clear, skin tone. Machines particular rosin replacing system makes it easy to alter the rosin for the peculiar merchandise. Eden machines produce merchandise with really thin 16 micrometer bed thickness which are good in all facet for hearing industry. ( Objet, 2010 ) Fig 8: Objet hearing AIDSs for different stuffs ( Objet, 2010 ) Degree centigrades: Prefactory enhanced the hearing assistance shell sing both cost and clip. It besides offers the perfectness for the hearing assistance industry with over several medically approved stuff to offer with assorted skin tone colourss stuffs along with ruddy, bluish, tap, tan, mocca, ecru, chocolate, brown, black, white, rose clear and crystal clear it is new launched soft stuff. It is integrated on a face home base for application get downing from single hears casts to the concluding shells. ( envisionTec, 2010 ) Fig 9: Hearing assistance envision TEC e-Shell 200 series ( envisionTec, 2010 ) Through Perfactory 30 shells are produced at every 90 proceedingss which is more than earlier procedure because of its flexibleness in bring forthing parts with easy stuff changing. † EnvisionTEC e-Shell 200 is a liquid, photo-reactive propenoate for constructing functional parts which are tough, opaque, water- and perspiration-resistant † , and available in several different tegument tone colourss. ( envisionTec, 2010 ) 4.0.2: Dental Implants: Two chief paths ; 1: Investing casting from AM forms 2: Direct metal parts by optical maser sintering/melting 4.0.2.1: Investing casting: Several machines capable of doing forms A: The Solidscape D66+ 3D pressman produce high precised wax form from 3D CAD information. This produces waxups utilizing linear engineering which is known as bead on demand jetting. The Non toxic thermoplastic stuff through which waxups produced are to the full castable and could non go forth any residuary ashes which create job for farther procedure. The whole procedure is clear in border and spreads because of negligible shrinking of the stuff and it besides remain consistent for every tally. ( Bruce Lusting, 2010 ) The D 66+ , which is an entryway to the new Prexacto merchandise line, is focused for bring forthing high quality wax forms for coronating and get bying and for other dental parts in little dental research labs. If it is used satisfactorily so the parts are produced at low cost with high degree of client satisfaction and it ‘s of import for proper digital dental medicine flow. The Solidscape Prexacto is the perfect merchandise line sing both monetary value and public presentation for dental research labs. ( CAD BLU DENTAL, 2010 ) D66+ produced 750 units per month with low norm cost so the earlier one and it besides saves more than $ 12,000 per month over traditional methods. ( Bruce Lusting, 2010 ) Fig 10: Solidscape D66+ pressman ( CAD BLU DENTAL, 2010 ) Bacillus: For dental procedure the Envisiontec perfactory Digital Dental Printer ( Perfactory DDP ) is a really good machine for bring forthing dental parts. The capableness of machine is that it can fabricate 65 anatomical wax get bying or units with good declaration of 35 micrometers in less than two hours utilizing wax based polymer system and besides it can bring forth parts with accurate spread systematically. Digital dental pressman is capable for cap, Crowns and Bridgess production without fring the existent size. The Perfactory DDP from envision TEC is absolutely convenient for procedure where both header and metallic ceramic pressure are built on the machine at the same time. The concluding printed portion get bying produced automatically with a psilosis on a system, which was designed for the simple arrangement for direct investing casting. Assortment of stuffs is available harmonizing to demands. ( envisionTec,2010 ) Fig 11: Digital alveolar consonant printing ( envisionTec, 2010 ) Degree centigrades: 3D production system launches its first economical Projet MP300 for both little and average dental labs. This new compact system green goods parts with the latest coevals of 3d systems patented and proprietary Multijet Modeling engineering. It gives the perfect characteristic definition at high physique velocity. Projet MP3000 produces dental portion theoretical accounts from new lasting and high contrast Visijet MP200 Dental theoretical account stuff for the application. ( 3D systems, 2010 ) The system can bring forth theoretical account with good surface coating and proper size and besides it can construct multi theoretical accounts in a individual clip. Same twenty-four hours processing helps to minimise cost and clip because it works with plaster and feeling scanner. ( 3D systems, 2010 ) Fig 12: ProJet MP 3000 3D Printing System ; Working Model ( 3D systems, 2010 ) 4.0.2.2: Laser sintering / Melting This engineering is used in dental and medical industries for bring forthing little and average sized direct parts, because of complexness in parts and tooling industry has to do insert tooling straight. With a great build envelop of 250mm ten 250mm ten 185mm tallness, and besides have the ability to fabricate multiple parts at individual clip ; DMLS is the engineering which is really effectual in both cost and clip. This used in both for cost economy technique to do it simple in assembly and geometry for production maker and rapid prototyping because it minimizes the clip of development for new merchandise. ( Wikipedia, 2010 ) Fig 13: SLM image ( 3D systems, 2010 ) Typical forms like headers, Crowns and Bridgess are straight built in metal, utilizing Ti and Co chrome. Sinterstation Pro DM125 SLM is a system which manufactures straight to the full dense, stop metal parts with great smoothness and tolerances. ( 3D systems, 2010 ) Linear Manufacturing Process Choice: 5.0: Decision: This study highlights the usage of Additive fabrication engineering in production of hearing assistance instruments and dental implants. It besides concludes that how these engineerings are being used in medical industry for development and sweetening of medical parts. Particularly dental implant parts which are produced through investing casting linear fabrication procedure are more dependable, cost effectual and of import for digital dental medicine flow, nevertheless hearing assistance shells are produced through jetting procedure utilizing objet machines are really thin and assortment in colourss. Now patients are satisfied that the usage of linear fabrication engineering heightening the quality of merchandise sing all the factors, if u compare new merchandise with the earlier one so it is inexpensive and easy to utilize. In future as linear fabrication engineering and stuffs are keep on concentrating for development, so it will hike the medical industry in all facets. 6.0: Appendix: Jetting: Machines Solidscape D66+ 3D Projet MP 3000 Build size ( centimeter ) Resolution System package Input format Modeler weight Accuracy Material 15.24Ãâ€"15.24Ãâ€"15.24 5000Ãâ€"5000 XY declaration Windows CE STL or SCL 635 pound ( 288 Kg ) 0.001-0.002 per inch of portion dimension Non toxic thermo fictile stuff ( first-class strength and lost wax projecting qualities ) 29.8Ãâ€"18.5Ãâ€"20.3 328x328x606 DPI ( XYZ ) Windows XP or Windows 7 STL or SCL pound ( 34 Kg ) 0.001 per inch of portion dimension Visi jet MP200 build stuff ( Formulated for exceeding castability and visibleness ) Machines Eden250 Eden 260 Eden 350V Eden 500V Build size ( centimeter ) Resolution Input format Material Machine weight 26x26x20 600x300x1600 DPI ( XYZ ) STL and SCL Full remedy 720 Full remedy 705 support 280 Kg 26x26x20 600x300x1600 DPI ( XYZ ) STL and SCL Full remedy 720 280 Kg 35x35x20 600x300x1600 DPI ( XYZ ) STL and SCL Full remedy 720 Full remedy 705 support 410 Kg 50x40x20 600x300x1600 DPI ( XYZ ) STL and SCL Full remedy 720 Full remedy 705 support 410 Kg How to cite Additive Manufacturing Technology In Dental Implants Engineering Essay, Essay examples